指尖阅读—你的生涯你做主（十一）

Easy success had transformed the American auto companies into risk-averse,nonmeritocratic, bloated bureaucracies. When the competition heated up and customer needs changed, the company executives and the autoworker employee unions did not adapt. Instead, they did more of the same.

Detroit did not burst overnight. It saw a gradual deflation. In fact, that was part of the problem. Because companies were still generating billions of dollars of revenue for years during their decline, it was easy for management to get complacent, to ignore the problems that were piling up. No one stress – testedthe organization, or tried to identify any and fix long – term weaknesses. This made the day of reckoning painful. By the time the red alarm started ringing– that is, when GM lost $82 billion in the three and half years leading upto the federal bailout – it was too late.

The auto industry’s collapse has left the Motor City in dire straits. “The great thing about living in America’s most abandoned city，“deadpanned Walsh, the local columnist, “is that there is never any traffic at any hour.” Abandoned is certainly the word that comes to mind if you walk the streets just outside of the main downtown drag in Detroit. You can goblocks without seeing anybody. Empty houses languish. Some are professionally boarded up, with CONDEMNED signs tacked to the front door; others have only black tarp stapled within empty window frames. Many buildings bear an eerieresemblance to crumbling gingerbread houses. About a third of the city– an area the size of San Francisco – is deserted.

For those who remain, life is grim. Detroit is the second-most-dangerous city in the United States (behind Flint, Michigan). Half of its children live inpoverty. It leads the country in unemployment – estimates run anywhere from 15 to 50 percent. The school system is a travesty; eight out of teneighth-graders are unable to do basic math. Most local politicians ar evariously corrupt and inept. Unbelievably, there is not one produce– carrying grocery chain in the whole city.

Detro it was once the symbol of progress, of what is good and possible. The Auto industry was once the symbol of entre-preneurship. Now Detroit is the symbol of despair.

企业，是承载一切社会财富的社会组织。一座城市的繁荣离不开企业的蓬勃发展，企业发展对于一座城市国民经济实力的增强，有着至关重要的作用。城市是树，企业是根，根深才能叶茂；企业是源，城市是水，渊源，才能流长。所以企业和城市的变迁，让社会生活，职业路径也发生各种变化。